Is there life after death Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Assumptions in dualism prove that there is no life after death. Secondly, the philosophical believes of materialism is not a strong enough support in life after death. In materialism, persons are assumed to rejuvenate and receive the same type of body after death. The lives lived by the resurrected persons compares with their early life on earth in many ways. They live in a perfect world where they do all they want: good food, walk on bright paths, do not become ill, do not sin, and they have ample possessions. The major concern that arises is how the older person compares to the new person. Can we still prove it is the same person? According to Barnes as quoted in seven oaks philosophical website, â€Å"we cannot imagine ourselves living in heaven or paradise and still being ourselves: if our flaws are corrected, our disabilities removed, our needs and wants satisfied, are we still in any meaningful sense the same person? † (Flew web) Assumptions in materialistic approach of resurrection fail to meet the criterion of identity. The transformation of the persons who die to the new heavenly body without flaws, disabilities, or needs means that the two bodies are two entities altogether. We will write a custom essay sample on Is there life after death or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now To me, the process of life after death is an impossibility through resurrection. Consider a human being who is a cannibal. After death, will God resurrect the persons he ate together with himself or only him? William in philosophy now magazine suggests that god will restore us again from other atoms. These new bodies will only meet our design and replication of us and not us al all. This is the same position with resurrection. The replica version of resurrection cannot secure survival after death (William web). Christians and Abraham religions who believe in resurrection also believe that the transformation comes on the final judgement day that comes so many years after the death of the person. This brings about a problem in continuity and proves that there is no life after death. According to Plato in his theory of opposites, physical world consists of opposites such as big and small, light and dark. In his argument, there must be a reverse to life , which is dead. For one to speak of dead and living as opposites then, the deceased must have a soul. Reincarnation is supported in this idea that suggests that mental growth continues after one, and the dead continues another earthly being with excellent grades of consciousness. Plato believes in a circle of death, life, death, life, and so forth (Taylor 244).

Essay on The Effects of Domestic Violence on Child Behavior

The Effects of Domestic Violence on Child Behavior The United States Department of Health and Human Services found parents and other caretakers mistreat 900,000 children in the case of child abuse (as cited in Moylan et al., 2010). Children can be abused directly or indirectly. Indirect abuse can be exposure to violence enacted by the mother or father towards each other (Baldry, 2007). As for direct abuse, this can include physical, sexual or psychological abuse done personally to the child. Research conducted by Jaffe, Sudermann, Reitzel, and McDonald Jouriles, shows that children growing up in a family that displays violence are at increased risk behavior problems (as cited in Jouriles, Norwood, McDonald, Vincent, Mahoney,†¦show more content†¦Sternberg et al., (1993) found â€Å"that there is some evidence that children who are victims and/or witnesses of domestic violence have more social and emotional problems than their non abused†. Some children can be shy and stay way from adults and other children. They can be physically abused and feel that because their parents hurt them other adults can hurt them also. Other children exposed to abuse might take out the abuse on other children. They start bullying children in the neighborhood or children in their classroom. Some children might feel that because they see violence at home that it is all right for them to so violence in other setting. Bulling is a big issue in schools. It does not mean that bullies come from domestic homes, but it’s might be one of the reasons. Another way a child might act out due to abuse is getting in trouble with the law. They might start hanging out with the wrong group of people and doing things that is frowned upon by authorities. They do not care about what happens to them and do what their friends think is all right. They release their behavior with violence. They become short tempered and argue or fight with anyone who gets in their way . â€Å"There is also increasingShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Children1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is domestic Violence? Domestic Violence is described as violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Many children end up being the victims to seeing domestic violence in the home which is very unhealthy to their development. Some children may development resentment toward both parents- one for not leaving and the other for causing the abuse. Depression, aggressive behavior, emotional distress and suicide depending on the severityRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe biggest victims of domestic violence are the littlest. The home is a suppose to be a safe and secure environment for children with loving parents and free from violence. Children need a secure environment where they can come home to when the outside world is unsafe. However, every yea r there are millions of children who’s homes are not a safe haven. Millions of children are exposed to a parent being violently assaulted. Domestic violence is a prevalent social issue in America today. First, whoRead MoreEffects Of Domestic Violence On Children990 Words   |  4 Pageswhen a child is exposed to domestic violence at an early age, that child adapts to these adverse circumstance and situations (Holmes, 2013). Therefore, children who are regularly exposed to domestic violence may initially display less aggressive behaviors than children who are never exposed. However, this is due to their fear of being a victim of a physical assault (Holmes, 2013). This finding was interesting because it shows how deeply the children are affected by exposure to domestic violence. TheRead MoreEssay on The Gravity of Domestic Violence in America1423 Words   |  6 Pages the gravity of domestic violence in America has been disregarded and glossed over; perhaps it is because 60 p ercent of all domestic violence takes place at home. Domestic violence is defined as, the situation in which an intimate partner or someone you live with attacks you and tries to hurt you, often including physical assault, sexual assault, and bullying. â€Å"Every year, more than 3 million children witness domestic violence in their homes.† (safehorizon.org) Domestic violence at home is alteringRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesLieberman (2007) the goal was to determine if domestic violence leads to functioning shortfalls, and what its effects it has on a child’s behavioral and cognitive functioning. In homes where domestic violence happens, young children are more likely to witness violence than older children. It was hypothesized that children who witnessed violence at home had lower verbal capabilities, and would display greater internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Participants in this study included 62 preschoolersRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe term domestic violence is defined as the deliberate frightening, sexual and physical assault, or a behavior that is abusive or intolerable to others as a part of the regular sequence of power and the domination executed by one confidant companion to the other. The patterns of domestic violence usually comprise of the sexual violence, abusing the partner emotionally, psychological assault, and the physical violence. It is dramatic that how the severity and the frequency of the occurrences of theRead MoreChild Exposure to Domestic Violence1163 Words   |  5 PagesChild Exposure to Domestic Violence Introduction: Domestic Violence is any willful intimidations, sexual assault, physical assaults, or any other forms of physical or verbal violent behavior by one intimate partner towards another. Domestic Violence can create both psychological and emotional effects on both the intended victim and anyone that witnesses it to include children. Some children that witness domestic violence are experiencing serious effects that they have to deal with all theirRead MoreChildren And Effects Of Domestic Violence1612 Words   |  7 PagesCHILDREN AND THE EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Children and the Effects of Domestic Violence in the Home Domestic violence is any behavior of physical, sexual, emotional, or physiological acts or threats that intimidate a person or partner by trying to control or maintain power. Unfortunately, many children experience these harmful acts in the home between family members, all of different ages, ethnicities, and statuses. When thinking about a safe and healthy childhood and environment, what comesRead MoreThe Negative Results of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence 979 Words   |  4 Pages The phrase â€Å"domestic violence† typically refers to violence between adult partners. Sadly, it has been estimated that every year between 3.3 and ten million children are exposed to domestic violence in the confines of their own home (Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa et al. 2009). According to research conducted by John W. Fantuzzo and Wanda K. Mohr (1999): â€Å"Exposure to domestic violence can include watching or hearing the violent events, direct involvement (for example, trying to in tervene or callingRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse896 Words   |  4 Pagesa direct relation to a child who witnesses abuse in his/her home at a young age? Introduction: What is domestic violence? â€Å"Domestic Violence is a pattern of behaviors used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often inclosing the threat or use of violence†(Safe Horizon, 2015). Domestic violence includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exploitation; therefore, this is in relation to â€Å"intimate partner violence, battering, relationship

Pestle Analysis Of An Organization Singtel Case Study

Question: What is Pestle analysis? Describe some of the important points, which will concentrate towards the development process of proper managerial activities of the selected organization. Answer: Introduction The present assignment will focus on some of the important points, which will concentrate towards the development process of proper managerial activities of the selected organization. Singtel is the chosen organization in the study. Singtel is one of the largest telecommunication markets in entire Singapore. The assignment will focus towards development process of a proper situation analysis tool, which includes PESTEL Analysis, as well as Porters 5 forces. There are certain organizational as well as managerial objectivities which majority of the companies depending upon the nature of the business tries to accomplish in the firm operations. All these marketing tools contribute a significant portion towards a development of a proper marketing plan. The selected organization in the business operates its business in the telecommunication sector of the country. The telecom sector in Singapore falls under the notion of the oligopoly market structure where there are few numbers of sellers operating their business in the same industry and the most important point is the decision making the power of one firm affects the decision making the power of the other firm (Aaker, 2013). To evaluate all the business activity of the organization in a proper manner, the company needs to develop an appropriate market plan by assessing these entire marketing tools in a significant way. Pestel Analysis PESTEL Analysis is one of the most crucial marketing tools, which are required by a different organization to scan the external environment (Baggini, 2012). There are six factors in this particular marketing tool, which have the distinct contribution in the overall plans and proceedings of the management. Pestel Analysis is a perfect situation analysis tool which management of different organization and policy makers applies towards organizing a proper business activity. Political Factor The first factor is the Political factor in this particular marketing tool. The political condition of Singapore is very much stable and it is an ideal place towards organizing a different business. It is a democratic country (Cateora, Gilly, Graham, 2013). The government develops different regulations, which guides the organization in a variety of ways towards having arranged a proper business structure. Some of the key elements, which are identified in the political factor, include government policies based on various kinds industry policies, laws and legislation, tax policies, trade restrictions and application of the different kinds of traffics (Collins, 2012). Economic Factor The second factor is the economic factor, which the organization needs to analyze to conclude a proper managerial procedure. Singapore is a corruption-free environment, which supports different kinds of business activities. Singapore falls among the most competitive countries in the world (Finch, 2012). The economic factor, which this particular organization is looking at, begins from wider economy, which includes economic growth as well as economic prospects, economic growth, interest rate changes as well as inflation and deflation rate. Social Factor The third factor is the social element of this particular marketing tool, which will allow the organization to identify all the social needs, which often looks at cultural aspects such as health consciousness, demographic factors, age distributions, and changes in the trends as well as buying patterns of the customers (Homann, Koslowski, Lutge, 2007). The fast changing lifestyles of different people are focusing telecom companies on enlarging the complete services in the country. Technological Factor The fourth factor is the technological factor, which mainly relates to various applications of modern inventions, which include the use of different Research and development, special incentives as well as technological changes (Hood, 2013). In current generations, the diverse use of the telecommunication sector has provided one of the significant breakthroughs in the lifestyle of the people. Environmental Factor The fifth factor includes the application of the environmental factor. The application of the environment factor needs to emphasize towards maintaining a pollution free business environment. The environmental analysis of any industry based on nature as well as an objective of the company needs to analyze environmental ethics and environmental working conditions. Legal Factor The final factor is the right element of the country, which includes the notion of the following all the rules as well as regulations of the telecom authority of Singapore. The legal framework, which is developed by the governing sector of the telecommunication authority, is under the framework and the legislation of the Union government of Singapore. The telecom industry of Singapore maintains particular legal framework converging services like the internet, radio, voice mail, VOIP, E-commerce, and mobile communication (Institute of Leadership Mana, 2012). Porters 5 Force Porters 5 forces are an important marketing tool, which allows the different organization to scan a proper positioning mapping of the company in the marketplace. Five factors need to be analyzed in an appropriate manner to evaluate this particular marketing tool in the overall business operations (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). The following part of the study will investigate the five factors in the porters five forces tool. Threats of substitution of products and services, threats of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, and rivalry power are the five top factors that are required by Single to develop a proper business plan and managerial procedures. The telecommunication sector is one of the fast growing industries in Singapore. Buyers Power The first point, which needs to be analyzed, is the power of the buyer. Customers switching cost and buyers information are the two factors, which affects bargaining power of the buyers. Lower cost of switching, as well as low cost of new connection cost and mobile number portability, are the three factors, which are the significant point in the purchasing decisions of the buyers (Kurtz Boone, 2012). On the other hand, users get sufficient information regarding the availability of other options. All these mentioned points indicate towards big customers power. Suppliers Power The second aspect, which is analyzed, is the power of suppliers. There is a price war happening between different mobile operators. On the other hand, the price is one of the most crucial factors towards developing proper managerial activities (Potter, 2012). The suppliers are chosen carefully in order to drag down the profitability of the organization in an efficient manner. Therefore, fewer providers in the telecommunication industry have less bargaining power in the entire telecommunication industry. The three factors, which affect suppliers power, are mobile tower companies, SIM cards, and cell phone handsets. Threats of substitution The concept of threats of the substation is the third point in this particular analysis tool which includes buyers propensity to substitute, relative prices, and performance of substitution are the three key points to conclude the idea of replacements. The telecommunication sector in Singapore is one of the fastest growing industries in the country. The decision making a power of the buyers is diversified, as there is more than one firm in this particular industry doing the same business. If the customers are not satisfied with the service, which one company, this particular group, provides will quickly shift to the next best alternatives to satisfy the demands and wants. Internet users are increased day by day as compared with the GSM services. Voice quality is getting better with internet telephony, as compared with the general mobile network, the cost of VOIP is very much less (Pride, 2012). This is another significant factor, which concludes the concept of substitution in the pre sent business situation. Threats of new entrants The fourth point is the idea of Threats of Entry. However, in the oligopoly, market structures the entry as well as the exit is very much limited and it is not restricted. There are few numbers of firms, which operates its business in this particular marker structure. Capital requirements towards maintaining a proper operational business management of the telecom industry actively or passively is very much high. Access to fiber optics is another significant point which in the notion of the substation for the selected organization (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor, 2012). Technological change, as well as technological advancement, is one of the crucial points that which substitutes access to an optical fiber network. There are some government and legal barriers in Singapore, which different kinds operators including Singtel needs to follow towards developing a proper business structure. Rivalry Power Rivalry power is the final point that needs to be focused on this particular tool. The decision making the power of one firm is hugely affected by the decision making the power of the other firm. All the time the firms are in a price war to maintain a healthy and a proper customer base system. For Strategic Recommendations The recommendation part of the assignment will focus towards concluding four major recommendations that will be helpful towards the development process of a proper marketing strategy (Thorson Duffy, 2012). The following part of the job will focus on what are the different kinds of key strategies that the organization needs to develop in the overall managerial operations. Developing a proper decision making activities The decision-making activity is one of the most crucial parts in this particular market structure. As discussed at the beginning of the assignment, the telecommunication sector of Singapore falls under the notion of the oligopoly market structure. The concept of the oligopoly market structure maintains different features of the market. In this particular market structure, there are few sellers with a large number of buyers (Werhane, 2012). The most crucial point is to develop a proper decision making activity as the decision of one firm hugely affects the decision making of the other companies. To implement an appropriate decision making activities, the company needs to analyze as well as develop appropriate research works and process to conclude towards the best implementation of the decision making of the enterprise. Pricing Decision In any market structure if the purchasing decisions of the buyers are enhanced, then the organization need to focus towards developing proper pricing strategies. Pricing strategy is one of the most crucial parts of every business organization (Baggini, 2012). Singtel is one of the most common telecommunication industries, which operates its business both in the national as well as in the global boundary, which maintains a huge customer base. The development process of a proper pricing decision will enhance the business operation of the selected organization in a diversified manner. Sound Consumer Relationship Management To diversify the business processes, Singtel needs to develop an appropriate feedback system. There are certain positive applications towards the development of an appropriate feedback system, which will focus on a proper customer relationship management (Aaker, 2013). If the customers are satisfied and happy with the service, the company will get benefited in certain ways and it will generate automatically sales the overall profit as well as profit of the organization. Proper technological advancement The final point of the study will focus towards the application of an appropriate technological progress. If the company develops and maintain an adequate technological advancement, the customers of the organization Singtel will be benefited in particular ways (Cateora, Gilly, Graham, 2013). The company needs to develop different kinds of research and developing programmers, which will indicate about different kinds of positive impact towards the business proceeding of the organization. Conclusion The concluding part of the study will analyze all the relevant factors, which are required by the selected team to develop a proper business plan. Singtel is the organization, which operates its business in the telecommunication sector of Singapore. It is one of the largest telecom companies in the entire Singapore. The objective of the assignment is to focus on the key factors, which will guide the organization in a proper manner to develop active managerial plans and activities. Some of the necessary tools, which are highlighted in the study, are the application of the PESTEL Analysis as well as the application of the Porters 5 Forces. Both of the tools, which are used by the management, are required to develop a proper situation analysis process. The concluding part of the study will conclude about four recommendations, which will guide the organization to identify what are the crucial factors that need to be analyzed towards developing a proper business plan. Singapore is an appropriate country to organize different kinds of business plans and operations. With the help of this particular program of activities, the organization will be benefited in certain ways. Reference List Aaker, D. (2013).Marketing research. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Baggini, J. (2012).Ethics. London: Quercus. Cateora, P., Gilly, M., Graham, J. (2013).International marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Collins, D. (2012).Business ethics. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Finch, J. (2012).Marketing Principles Essentials. Newburyport: Research Education Association. Homann, K., Koslowski, P., Lutge, C. (2007).Globalisation and business ethics. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Hood, D. (2013).The marketing manifesto. London: Kogan Page. Institute of Leadership Mana, I. (2012).Marketing for Managers Super Series. Hoboken: Taylor Francis. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kurtz, D. Boone, L. (2012).Principles of contemporary marketing. Australia: Southwestern Cengage Learning. Potter, N. (2012).The library marketing toolkit. London: Facet Publishing. Pride, W. (2012).Marketing principles. South Melbourne, Vic.: Cengage Learning. Pride, W., Hughes, R., Kapoor, J. (2012).Business. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Thorson, E. Duffy, M. (2012).Advertising age. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Major Functional Styles of English free essay sample

Functional style as having social relevance, functionally determined, displaying inner coherence combination of ways of usage, choice and combination of means of speech communication In the domain off certain national language, correlated with other ways of expression of the same type, which attain other alms and fulfill other functions In the social communicative experience of the Functional style as the arrangement of language means in speech ( in the text), built up as the result of the working principles of language means choice and combination in a certain sphere of immunization in accordance with the tasks and conditions of communication M. N. Oozing.The extra-linguistic basis of a functional style, I. E. The tasks and aims of communication in a certain social sphere, determined by the purpose of the correlated form of public thinking, a type of mentality, current in the sphere, typical patterns of contents. Systematic character of a functional style in speech ( functional stylistic correlation of the units on the basis of common communicative purport). We will write a custom essay sample on Major Functional Styles of English or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Functional Styles as speech systems. Functional styles as styles of language and speech. The notion of register ( similar to that of the notion of style) , as series of situational factors, which determine the use of specific language means General classification of functional styles.Linguistic and extra-linguistic factors in the classification of functional styles. The role of extra-linguistic factors in style studies ( the Prague Linguistic Circle). Style forming factors of a functional style. Universal, normative-stylistic character of the style-forming factor of a functional style (motiveless, evaluation, rationality, imagery, logic, exactness) and their difference in accordance with the purport of communication. Functional analysis of the style- forming factors of a functional style V. Schneider. . Problems of the Functional Styles Classification. Reasons for recognizing the style of fiction the belles-letters style : pros and cons.Cons: the language affliction Is multi-stylistic, not closed, It integrates other functional styles of the language, has no specific language markers; the aesthetic function the language affliction which Is expressed in special use of language means with the division of styles into artistic and non;artistic or the treatment of the belles-letters style outside the system of functional styles; in Russian it is not included in the domain of literary language due to a specific character of the literary language and the formation of the latter a under the influence of the language of fiction ( V. D. Bondage, L. Y. Massive, N. A. Mesmerism, A. K. Pangolin, D. N. Schemers. Pros: the language of fiction cannot be beyond the existing system of functional styles as in spite of its multi-stylistic properties it uses only part of the inventory of the elements and units of the other styles but doesnt express its speech systemic character and their use In the aesthetic function Is very pacific; It has the unity of a stylistic speech system, In spite of the authors individuality ]V. V. Flavored, I. V. Arnold, R. A. Budding,l. R. Gapless, B. N. Glove, A. K. Dolan E. G. Riles. So If functional styles should be treated as norms of speech composition there are no objections to treating the belles-letter style as one of the different stylistic meanings.If we suppose that a functional style is identified on the basis of the sphere of communication and its main function, its complexity and heterogeneity shouldnt present an obstacle A. K. Doodling. Reasons for singling out he newspaper style in the system of functional styles Newspaper style as a subsystem of publicist style M. N. Oozing. Newspaper and publicist sub-styles of the so-called informational style Functional style as a historical category. The style of poetry in the English language in the epoch of classicism (17th -18th centuries) with special norms of poetic language the choice of vocabulary, morphological forms and syntactic construction.The priority of abstract, bookish, high-flown words ( arduous, glories abundance of stylistic devices, archaic grammatical forms (thee, thy, doth, etc. , perfect regularity of rhyming, rhythmic, meter, syntactic, compositional and other formal patterns dependence on the canon. Aesthetics, priority of exquisite taste, sensible and noble ideals proclaimed in the poem Poetic Art by Niccole Bubal. The spread of French classical traditions in Great Britain. The Belles-letters Style. Aesthetic function as the main function of the belles-letters style. Aesthetics as one the most important elements of human culture. Aesthetic activity as creative activity in accordance with the laws of beauty.Social determination of aesthetic vision of the world (social interpretation of the of esthetics). The objective grounds for of aesthetics discovered in the existence of the world of reality ( symmetry, rhythm, harmony, integrity, regularity, expediency, optimization). Artistic creation as a special form of cognition and exploration of reality: synthetics of cognitive, evaluative, communicative, practical activities. Art as the objective basis of artistic activity. Works of art as integration of creative activity and perception. Art as self-reflection and code of culture. Other functions: educational, informational, hedonistic (entertaining), evaluative.Stylistic peculiarities f the belles-letters style: imagery, unity and indivisibility of artistic form and contents, completeness and integrity (hierarchy and systematic interaction of different levels of the belles-letters text artistic imagery produced by speech concreteness, stylistic integrity and multi-stylistic variation, (introduction of elements of other styles, e. G. Of the colloquial style in the aesthetic function into the belles- letters style), emotionality and evaluation, emphasis, and uniqueness. Sub-styles of the belles-letters style: poetry, prose, drama. Poetic genres: ballad, ode, pastoral, Monet, elegy, limerick, epigram, etc. Genres in prose: a story, a short story, a novel, etc.Genres in drama: comedy, tragedy, drama, dramatic monologue, dramatic dialogue. Stylistic difference of texts belonging to various sub-styles and genres, literary trends, artistic methods, (romanticism, realism, sentimentalism, etc. ), displaying different types of presentation ( narration, description), points of view of the speaker, ( I-speaking, fairy-tale speaking), topics, ideas, compositional arrangements, systems of imagery, the authors desolates, presence or absence of stabilization. Desolates. Language means of the belles-letters style: ; phonetic means sound reiteration, onomatopoeia (sound imitation), alliteration, euphony, consonance, dissonance.Rhyme, rhythm and meter in poetry, the notion of rhythm in ; vocabulary- priority of concrete words as artistic speech concentration , prose; unlimited choice of vocabulary (including non-literary means, Jargon and slang developed polymers, no limits in the use of words, which belong to different functional stylistic groups of vocabulary, stylistic resources of combinatory semantics of language units, normative and irregular combinatory patterns, creative and other functions of phraseology, decomposition of phraseology, rich, genuine imagery, the use of figures of speech or lexical stylistic devices, as a unique textual system; ; grammatical means of the language: in morphology a variety and wealth of stylistic effects of morphological forms and categories for expressing artistic speech concentration (decides, specific use o f aspect and temporal meanings of the verb, Verbal speech and plot development ( increase in the role and currency of the verb, special use of morphological categories of number, case, egress of comparison for emphatic and emotive purposes; in syntax a variety and wealth of syntactical constructions, colloquial speech stabilization.Means of expressive syntax: inversion, parallelism, antithesis, percolation, gradation, detachment, different models of author and character speech presentation, different models of homogeneous secondary parts of the sentence arrangement with the priority of double and triple patterns; ; compositional textual devices ( three-part compositional canon introduction, the main part and the ending with a more complex model of prologue and epilogue), deviations from the canon and their titlists importance, the plot development the exposition, gradation, the climax and the outcome ( the denouement), compositional peculiarities of a poetic text- rigidly fixed dim ensions of textual arrangement ( the fixed number of feet, lines, regular accentual models of the foot and line arrangement, the length and arrangement of a stanza, peculiar models of stanza and text arrangement, patterned rhyme, meter and syntax constructions), extensive use of foregrounding (coupling, antithesis, convergence, the effect of deceived expectancys effect of replenished expectancy, realism, irony, hyperbole as compositional devices; ; the system of stylistic devices: systemic use of imagery textual, developed and simple non-developed metaphors, metonymys, epithets, similes, hyperbole, litotes, puns, oxymorons, zeugmas, different in form contact and distant repetitions (ordinary, anaphora, peripheral, framing, Indianapolis, chain, refrain) Intensification of the total aesthetic impact of the language means of the text. Scientific Style. The main function of the scientific style: rational cognition and linguistic presentation of the dynamics of thinking. Other communica tive tasks. Inner differentiation and the formation of the sub-styles and genres of the scientific style used in different fields of science, characterized by different manners of scientific presentation. Sub-styles and genres: scientific style proper thesis, abstract of thesis, monograph, article, report, abstract off report Popular scientific an article, annotations, review, etc. ). Sub-languages of scientific styles: law, political, medical, economic, technical, computer, linguistic, etc. Types of presentation: description and argumentation ( deduction, induction). Different degree of polemics. Popularization of the scientific text. The addressee factor. Peculiarities of scientific communication: planned, prepared delayed in time communication (except for lectures and reports). Style-forming features: great role of tradition in the use of language means, objective and non-categorical presentation, specific means of expression, a certain extent of emphasis, restrictions imagery.Language means of the scientific style: ; lexical means highly specialized scientific terminology, terminological groups, revealing the conceptual systems of the scientific style, the peculiarities of the use of terms in scientific speech, the use of nouns and verbs in abstract meanings, special reference words, scientific phraseology clicks, stereotyped and hackneyed word combinations and idioms, priority of neutral vocabulary, limitations in the use of emotional- evaluative and expressive vocabulary and phraseology, absence of non-literary vocabulary and phraseology ( slang words, vulgarisms, obscene words) , peculiarities in word- building (standard suffixes and prefixes, mainly of Greek and Latin origin tell-, morph, Phil- -ism, etc. , peculiarities in the scarce use of imagery (usually trite and hackneyed, the priority of the functions of intensification and decoration, non- hysteretic, narrow contextual character, absence of rich associations, schematic and generalized character); ; grammatical means: nominal character ( the predominance of nouns over verbs) in the use of parts of speech, the use of prepositional of-phrases to substitute the genitive case, transposition of the classes of nouns, wide use of the Passive Voice, Indefinite Tenses, specialization of pronouns in demonstrative and intensification functions, numerous conjunctions revealing the logical order of the text as well as double conjunctions ( not merely. .. But also, whether or both And, as.. . ), adverbs of logical connection ; syntactical means: priority of full, logically correct, regular syntactical models, the syntax of simple sentence in the scientific speech extensive use of extended two- member sentence, priority in the use of compound sentences, extensive use of secondary predicative constructions ( Complex Object, Participial and Gerundial Constructions), wide use of conjunctions and denominative prepositions, concise expression of syntactical connection in word combinations, sentences, groups of sentences, absolute priority of declarative sentences in the use of communicative types of sentences; composition of scientific text as an explication of the stages of cognition and productive thinking, the usual model is presented by the following scheme- a problem situation, idea, hypothesis, proof, conclusion, compositional speech forms of discussion, argumentation and description, conclusion, types of narration, wide-spread co-referential repetition as a specific m ethod of text development.Functional restrictions: strong objections to the use of non-literary vocabulary, scarce use of emotional and intensification units of vocabulary and phraseology, and stylistic devices (metaphors, metonymys, etc. , absence of the second person form and corresponding personal pronouns, scarce use of l- speaking, limited use of incomplete and non-declarative, and one-member sentences. Publicist Style (Journalese). The major functions of the publicist style: social influence and public opinion manipulation; informative function. Additional functions: propaganda, popularization, education, organization, analysis and criticism, hedonism (entertainment). Stylistic features of the publicist style: interchange of standard and expressiveness, explicit evaluation, affective, impressive harasser, stylistic effects of novelty, advertising, mass, group social orientation, pictographs (documentary precision, abundance of statistics, topics and proper names, factual data), neutral or formal manner of presentation, generalization, the styles. Publicist style as a sphere of intersection with the style of fiction / essay, sketch, lampoon, satirical article/ and scientific style commentary, review. Elements of conversational and official styles. Subtitles and genres: publicist style proper / lampoons, articles, essays, sketches, travelogues, memoirs, political propaganda / lagans, leaflets, proclamations, Journalese l, newspapers style editorial (leader) article, brief news, or news columns, report, interview, reportage /, oratory / speeches, parliamentary debates, TV discussions. .. TV and radio Journalese, publicist cinematography (documentary, news-reel, etc. ).New publicist genres: talk-show, reality-show, role-play show, game-show, debates, TV poll, TV commentary, new types of information programs. Inner differentiation of the publicist style and correlation of functional relevance of its different variations and genres. Newspaper Style. Problems of classification. Newspaper genres: editorial (leading article), newsreel, brief news report, reportage, interview, essay, title, topical satire, advertisement. Graphic Means of the newspaper style: wide use of graphic means change of prints, word-arts, italics, various graphic symbols (asterisks, etc. ) used for the sake of text limitation as well as elements of compositional arrangement such as columns, titles, subtitles, parts and paragraphs.Language Means of publicist style: vocabulary: priority of neutral and bookish vocabulary, wide use of language means to actuality Carrolton (proper and geographical names, abundance of statistics, phonemic and proper names, facts and data), means of evaluation, neologisms, social political terminology, a great number of loan-words and international words, use words and word-combinations of other styles ( especially, conversational), against the general background of the bookish style vocabulary, including terminology as well as me ans of imagery to increase expressiveness / trite metaphors, metonymys, personification, metaphorical paraphrases, metaphorical use of terminology, newspaper terms: newspaper vocabulary and cliches Roundels and bookish), decomposition of phraseologies units. Word-building: loan suffixes and prefixes as well as combination of words; ; grammatical means: in morphology the use of the singular number of nouns in their collective meaning, plural number for the definition of generalization, wide use of the superlative degree of adjectives in order to reveal expressiveness as well as the use of adjectives-collaborative, substantiation and evaluation of the use of numerals, adjectives and participles. Average sentence length (9-11 words) and average degree of complexity in the sentence structure. Wide use of declarative sentences.The use of questions, exclamatory sentences for the sake of expressiveness. Means of expressive syntax: inversions, parallelism, antithesis, percolation, gradation, isolation, different types of the authors words presentation and conversational constructions, different patterns in the use of homogeneous parts of the sentence double, three-element and multi- element; ; compositional and textual means: cannonaded three-part structure of publicist texts, the principle of pyramid and its effects in the composition of modern newspaper text, the use of compositional ( foregrounding) devices. Official Style. / The Style of Official Documents l. Regulative function as the main one, I. E. He establishment of norms and rules in the sphere of public relations (e. G. The relations of individuals, group individual relations, the relations of social groups and acts, codes, instructions, orders /, the style official documents / applications, references, protocols, questionnaires, profiles, autobiographies, agreements, contracts.. . /, the style of diplomatic documents / agreements, pacts, communiques, note, memoranda, declarations /. Considerable inner differentiation, I. E. Inconsiderable genre-stylistic distinctions depending on the functional purpose of the text, themes, sphere of use, character of the institution issuing a publication.Stylistic features: standard, imperative and prescriptive nature, ascertaining as leading method of presentation, precision which does not admit misinterpretation, non- personal character. Specific features of the official style characteristic of all its varieties and genres: temple ( pattern) text composition, speech standard and stereotyped ways of expression and arrangement of the language means (cliches, standard vocabulary). Use of the language means belonging to the style of official documents as negative development in speech culture, especially within the norms of publicist style. Language means of the style of official documents: ; graphic means: wide use of graphic means change of the print, italics, the use of graphic delimitation means various graphic symbols (asterisks, lines, patterns, etc. Which clearl y demonstrate text limitation ( columns, division into parts, sections, elements, paragraphs), means of graphic design which reveal the representational form of the temple; ; lexical means: bureaucratic cliches ( words or word- ambitions), the use of special terminology to express precision, repetitions, the use of constructions with archaic elements, wide spread of vocabulary units, expressing obligation, absence of subjective emotional appraisal; ; grammatical means: nominal character / predominance of nouns, a great number of nominal prepositions and conjunctions, wide use of the genitive case, different forms of expressing imperative / verbs with the meaning of obligation, verbs of instruction, prescription, future tense forms, the imperative mood, infinitive and infinitive constructions, absence of the first and second person presentation and correlated rounds, the use of collective nouns for the expression of impersonality, different patterns of statement and ascertaining, spe cific use of aspect and tense forms ( future in conditional sentences, wide use of conditional sentences in connection with the necessity of detailed exposition and proviso, rare use of complex sentences, especially with subordinate sentences of cause because of the absence of the necessity to explicate logical operations of analysis and reasoning; ; compositional devices: the patterned structure of texts of all the genres and subtitles, declarative, ascertaining nature, neglect of narration and discussion. Colloquial (Conversational) Style. The main function is communication, realization of practical activity of a person. It is used in everyday life. Extra-linguistic features: informality, spontaneous character of speech, interpersonal contact and direct involvement in the process of communication, attraction of paralinguistic means of communication (gestures, expression of the face, movements).Stylistic features: familiarity, ellipsis, concrete character of speech, interruption and logical inconsistency of the speech, motiveless, efficacy. Secondary stylistic features: idiomatic and pattern character, personal type of speech presentation. Oral and written (epistolary) varieties. Two forms of speech: dialogue (simple dialogue and polygene) and monologue. Inner mood, aims, relations between the speakers, situation and theme of the conversation. Subtitles and genres: literary conversational style / talks, conversations, interviews l, familiar-conversational style / communication between family members, friends, intimate communication, childrens talk l, low colloquial / quarrels, abuse, scandal, squabble, insult l.Language peculiarities: high activity of non-bookish means of the engage ( with stylistic conversational and familiarity coloring, the use of non- bookish low colloquial elements on all language levels, incomplete constructions ( at phonetic, syntactical and partially morphological levels), the use of language units of concrete meaning at all the levels, non-characteristic use of means with abstract and generalized meaning, weak syntactic connections between the parts of a syntactic structure, active use of means of verbal imagery, means of expressing subjective appraisal, emotional and expressive means at all the levels, pat terned speech, specific phraseology , personal forms, nonce-words. Language means the colloquial style. graphic means: graphic signs as the reflection of phonetic processes of sound modification in fluent speech, graphic signals of the change of communicative roles; ; phonetic means: intensive modification of sounds in fluent speech, positional phonemic interchange(combinatorial accommodation, assimilation, dissimulation and positional changes, connected with the position of a sound in a word at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the word, stressed or unstressed position, etc. ). Positional changes: reduction (weakening) of vowels in unstressed syllables) and arterial devoicing of consonants at the end of the word before a pause. Complete reduction: Pokka (the drop of the final consonant or final part of the word), syncope ( the drop of a vowel or several sounds in other positions). Partial reduction as a qualitative change of vowels.Partial and complete devoicing of consonants at the end of a word. Stylistic and communicative effects of modification. Wealth and variety of intonation patterns ( rhythm, tempo, timbre, melody peculiarities); ; vocabulary: conversational (everyday life) vocabulary, priority of neutral widely-used words with incorrect, denotative, referential meanings, wide use of non-literary vocabulary, expressive-emotional vocabulary, means of verbal imagery, well-developed synonymy and polymers, the use of stylistic devices, including pun, decomposition of phraseologies units; in word-formation: emotive suffixes and prefixes, wide use of word-formation, expressive tautology.

Roman Mythology essays

Roman Mythology essays Single is an independent word that means freedom, in social terms. Freedom is basically another word for having the time of your life with as little responsibility and as much fun as possible. Socializing with whomever you desire gives you that lack of restrictions, and almost unlimited options in the societal game. In other cases, there comes a time when being single means being lonely and depressed, which becomes a fear to overcome. Rather than sit around all day waiting for things to happen, and they probably wont, you realize that it is time for you to move on and have fun. The article, Single and..., is an article written by a person that wants to motivate the people who are single and not doing anything about it. Not much ever happens to these people and their life is on permanent hold. Its basically telling you to get on up your lazy behind and do something with your life before it is too late. If opportunity is knocking and the door, break it down. Any action brings a feeling of accomplishment. Once you concentrate on the process itself, rather than the outcome of each date, you can learn from mistakes and attempt to correct them in the future. The critique is bias toward women because it seems that women are more likely to put their dating life on hold than men are. That is because women are often raised to wait for things to happen to them, rather than make things happen. Men are usually raised to make things happen. It doesnt mean men cant have it vice versa. The editorial also mentions men, but not as brief as women I definitely agree with the author because I believe an article such as this one will help aid the singles out there looking for some motivation and a brighter day ahead. Meaning that the day after reading this article, they make something happen. Sometimes it works out and sometimes it doesnt, but keeping your head up and being optimistic will hel ...

Teaching the Compare and Contrast Essay

Teaching the Compare and Contrast Essay The compare/contrast essay is easy and rewarding to teach for several reasons: Its easy to convince students there is a reason for learning it.You can teach it effectively in a few steps.You can see students critical thinking skills improve as they learn to write the essay.Once mastered, students feel proud of their ability to systematically compare and contrast two subjects. Below are the steps you can use to teach the compare/contrast essay. They have been used in regular high school classes where reading levels ranged from fourth to twelfth grade. Step 1 Discuss practical reasons for comparing and contrasting.Discuss reasons for learning to write about similarities and differences. Selecting subjects that matter to students is critical for this step. For example, one might be to compare two models of cars and then write a letter to a benefactor who might buy them one. Another would be a store manager writing to a buyer about two products. Academic topics such as comparing two organisms, two wars, two approaches to solving a math problem may also be useful. Step 2 Show a model compare/contrast essay. Explain that there are two ways to write the essay but dont go into any detail on how to do it just yet. Step 3 Explain compare/contrast cue words. Explain that when comparing, students should mention differences but focus on similarities. Conversely, when contrasting they should mention similarities but focus on differences. Step 4 Teach students how to use  compare/contrast charts. You should plan to spend a few classes on this. Although it seems simple, students doing it for the first time perform better if they arent rushed through this step. Working in teams, with a partner, or in a group is helpful. Step 5 List and model the Writing Dens  cue words  to show similarities and differences. Many tenth graders have difficulty thinking of these words if this step is skipped. Provide model sentences with these words which they can use until they become comfortable with them. Step 6 Explain charts showing how to organize compare/contrast  paragraphs  and  essays. Have students write the block style first since it is easier. Students should be told that the block is better to show similarities and the feature-by-feature is better to show differences. Step 7 Provide guided practice in writing the  first draft. Guide students through their first essay providing help with an introduction and transition sentences. It is helpful to allow students to use a chart they have completed as a class or one that they have done independently and  that you have checked. Do not assume they understand the chart until they have done one correctly. Step 8 Provide in-class writing time. By giving in-class writing time, many more students will work on the assignment. Without it, students with little motivation may not write the essay. Walk around asking who needs a little help to get more participation from reluctant learners. Step 9 Review the steps in the  writing process.Review editing suggestions and give time for  revision. Explain that after writing their essay, students should edit and revise. They should continue the cycle of editing and revising until they are satisfied with the quality of their essay. Explain the advantages of revising on the computer. For  editing  tips, check  these suggestions for revising drafts  from the University of North Carolina Writing Center. Step 10 Review the  SWAPS Proofreading Guide  and give students time to proofread their essays. Step 11 Have students evaluate their peers essays using a  Compare/Contrast Rubric. Staple a rubric to each essay and have students evaluate them. Be sure to check off on a roster the names of students who turn in essays because they could be stolen during the peer evaluation activity. Consider requiring students who have not finished to submit their essay for peer evaluation after writing  Not Finished  at the top of their papers. This helps peers recognize that the essay is incomplete. More importantly, taking their paper forces them to participate in the evaluation activity rather than trying to finish the essay in class. Consider giving 25 points each for evaluating three essays and another 25 points for quiet participation. Step 12 Review the proofreading guide briefly and then devote half a period to proofread one anothers essays. Tell students to read their essay aloud or to have someone else read it to them to catch any errors. Have students proofread several essays and sign their names at the top of the paper: Proofread by ________.

VeraSun Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

VeraSun Energy - Research Paper Example In order to produce biodiesel from dried distillers grains, VeraSun energy has begun some units in Aurora and South Dakota recently. The major biodiesel product of VeraSun energy is E85, a blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline for use in Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs). E 85 is marketed under the trade name VE 85. The company has around 150 VE85 retail locations fifteen American states. VeraSun energy company holds many â€Å"industry firsts† in its category such as: the first 100 million-gallon-per-year dry-grind production facility, the countrys first branded E85, VE85 ®; the first ethanol producer to form strategic alliances with Ford Motor Company, General Motors, and Enterprise Rent-A-Car to increase awareness and availability of E85, and the first company to place an E85 retail station in the Washington D.C. metro area etc (VeraSun Energy). Even though at the beginning, VeraSun Energy created lot of waves in the energy market, currently it is facing many challenges. In fact it is struggling for survival now. This paper briefly analyses the challenges faced by VeraSun Energy and possible solutions to overcome these challenges. Steil (2008) has mentioned that â€Å"VeraSun Energy has filed for bankruptcy. Its the latest in a series of problems for ethanol producers, whove had to deal with huge swings in corn costs and falling ethanol prices†(Steil). Because of the global recession, the company has faced many challenges in 2008. The demand for its product has come down drastically whereas the prices of the raw materials increased a lot. Corn is the major raw material used by VeraSun Energy to produce bio fuels. The fluctuations in corn prices caused big problems to VeraSun Energy. The company placed bets in heavy amounts on rising prices of corn. But because of the unexpected recession, the corn prices have fallen down and the company faced many challenges. Because of

Polar bears do not need endangered species protection Research Paper

Polar bears do not need endangered species protection - Research Paper Example There is petition filed in America for the protection of polar bear as they are thought to be endangered However in reality, the polar bear population is in good shape and do not need protection. The population of polar bear was supposed to be little less before few decades however in recent times the population of polar has been increasing. According to ( Unger)â€Å" Lets start with what we know. Almost everybody agrees that there are between 20,000 and 25,000 polar bears alive today. Heres another thing almost everyone agrees on: That number is a whole lot bigger than it was 40 years ago†. Much news about the decrease in the population of polar bear is speculation.Peopel has been seeing more of bear population in recent times than before. Many facts about population of polar bears are assumptions with no factual evidence. Many conclude that the survey number of polar bears is not credible as it have certain limitation. On the contrary it has been said that the growing population of polar bears is threatening people. The people who enjoy summer vacation and outdoor activities are threatened due to bears. As per ( Kirk) â€Å"In the Western Hudson Bay area, where harvest quotas were reduced by 80 percent four years ago, communities are complaining about the number of polar bears. Now people can look out the window and see  as many as  20 polar bears at the ice-flow edge,† Flaherty says†. In such a situation, the polar definitely do not need endangered protection. Arctic ice is the habitat of the polar bears. There had been lot of controversy regarding the melting of Arctic ice owing to global warming. However, this seems to be a distorted fact as of 2012, the arctic ice seem to be flourishing. â€Å"Sea ice in the Arctic Ocean underwent a sharp recovery this year from the record-low levels of 2012, with 50 percent more ice surviving the summer melt season, scientists said. It is the largest one-year increase in Arctic ice

Hurricane Sandy Essay Example for Free

Hurricane Sandy Essay 1, Background * The outline of hurricane Sandy Hurricane Sandy was formed on October 22 and dissipated on October 31. Its highest winds throughout all the date was 110mph (175km/h) and the lowest pressure was 940hPa. The number of fatalities was 253 in all, and all costs of damage, at least, have risen to $65.6 billion. Affected areas by this hurricane expanded to wide range. This is Hurricane Sandy when it was near peak intensity on October 25. Firstly what is the hurricane? It is an intense tropical depression with a very strong rainstorm. Hurricane has the other different names, typhoon and cyclone, but these don’t have any of differences in terms of their characters, and the difference is only where it takes place. A hurricane is classified to five levels according to Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale based on the maximum wind speed within one minute. According to the National Hurricane Center, its highest wind speed was 110mph, which mean Hurricane Sandy is classified to category 3. (More than Category 3 is distinguished as a record hurricane) Due to its climate, around the Southern Atlantic, there is likely to have a hurricane between June and November (especially between Aug and Oct), and U.S, as well as the West Indies countries has been suffered from its damage. From such a historical background, these countries have a strong feeling of prevention of damage by hurricanes. Particular in U.S, when hurricane Katrina strikes U.S, the government could not take adequate measure against a hurricane, and there was a great deal of damage. Since then, such a perception has been bigger and bigger among people. After the storm became a tropical cyclone on October 22, in case of Jamaica, the government called upon the all of citizens in the whole island to take precautions against the approaching tropical cyclone. 2, Cause To begin with, how was it formed and how did it progress? At the first time, it began with a low pressure which is classified as a tropical depression on October 22 South of Kingston, Jamaica, and this tropical depression was named Tropical Storm Sandy at the same date. Firstly, it moved slowly because of a peak of the high atmospheric pressure called ridge. However early on October 24, the eye of hurricane started developing, and it headed for northward with steadily speed affected by the atmospheric trough. After that, the NHC (National Hurricane Centre in U.S.A) upgraded it to hurricane status and as of 19; 00 in Greenwich Mean Time that day, Sandy finally arrived at Kingston, Jamaica. Then just after Sandy left from Cuba towards the northern sea, it rapidly intensified to winds of 110mph which is 175km/h although it had been 80mph (130km/h). After Sandy left Cuba, its structure became disorganised, and due to it, Sandy turned to the northwest over the Bahamas. By October 27, because of influence from an approaching trough, Sandy was no longer fully tropical depression. But after that, Sandy re-intensified into a hurricane from a tropical storm. Sandy’s second peak was on October 29, and it recorded 90mph (150km/h) and it had a wind diameter of over 1,000nautical miles (1,150 mi, 1850km). As of 2300 in Greenwich Mean Time on October 29, Sandy was not tropical, and an hour later, it made landfall on the south-west of Atlantic City with 90mph (150km/h) wind. On October 31, Hurricane Sandy finally dissipated over western Pennsylvania This map shows the route of Hurricane Sandy. Hurricane Sandy’s route was not usual as well. Most of tropical depression is likely to path into the sea in this season. However, in the case of hurricane Sandy, other high atmospheric pressure in the southern Greenland pushed it to side of inland. Now, why did it develop to one of the biggest hurricane on record? There has some of hypothesises, but most of experts say that there is a strong relationship between the global warming and its abnormal development. The sea surface temperature from Florida to Canada was 0,6â„Æ' before the global warming had been identified, however since it has come up to the surface, its temperature increased by 2,4 â„Æ'. As the condition when a hurricane is created, at least, it requires three conditions. First, the ocean water must be warm enough to put heat and moisture into the overlying atmosphere to provide the potential fuel for the thermodynamic engine that a hurricane becomes. Second, atmospheric moisture from sea water evaporation must combine with the heat and energy to form the powerful engine needed to propel a hurricane. Third, a wind pattern must be near the ocean surface to spirals air inward. In terms of hurricane’s mechanism, it still has a lot of unsure parts but as of today, it is found that hurricane’s initial energy source is the latent heat released by water vapor in the atmosphere on the tropical sea surface, which mean, as the temperature of surface of sea water increases, amount of vaporized water (primary energy source for a hurricane) also increases, and it is considered as the cause of Sandy’s unusual development. As I mentioned above, hurricane mechanism is still not made clear so it is not sure that whether or not only the global warming is the cause of occurring a massive scale of hurricane. 3, Impacts * Impacts on Jamaica. Jamaica is also one of the region were has suffered from terrible damage by a hurricane Sandy. When hurricane sandy made landfall over south eastern Jamaica, the hurricane was still classified as category 1 with winds of 129km/h, and torrential rain was also hitting the country. In addition, because of its strong winds, a lot of trees were fallen and these blocked several roads, which made many communities inaccessible. Electricity and domestic water supply system was cut too. As a result, any of lifelines were temporary not available. Not only public facilities but also a lot of houses were damaged by a strong wind (for example, the roofs were removed by the wind). In Portland and the area of Mount Pleasant 80% of roofs have been destroyed. Flooding also brought about in Pamphret and Port Maria and it made a lot of people evacuate to collective centers. Number of deaths was relatively less in spite of this scale of hurricane, but such an accident that one man was crushed by stones falling from a hillside and dead in a rural area near Kingston. The total cost of damage becomes $16.5 million throughout the country. * Impacts on Haiti Although Haiti was still recovering from 2010’s earthquake damage, a massive hurricane hit there. As of October 29, estimated 200,000 people became homeless because of heavy raining which went on four days. Port-Salut, where was given one of the worst effects by it, was damaged by over floated rivers, in addition, nation’s capital street, Port-au-Prince were also flooded by the heavy rains. Moreover, ongoing cholera epidemic was also warned due to unsanitary situation brought by flooding. The storm also ruined most of crops and as a United Nation said, as many as 1 million people in Haiti would face to food shortage problem unless enough aids would come. * Impacts on U.S The damage brought about by hurricane Sandy in the whole U.S was one of the most severe throughout all of U.S’s record. Eventually, the hurricane caused about ten billion dollar damage in the U.S. The total number of deaths raised to, at least, 131 in eight states and about 1000 houses were destroyed, so about millions of people left without electric service after the hurricane attacked. However, in comparison with Hurricane Katrina, total damage was considerably smaller. According to statistics, its differences are very clear. For example, in terms of the number of deaths, it was over 1000 in the case of Hurricane Katrina, but in this time, the total number was ten times smaller than before. The number of displaced was also ten times smaller although Sandy’s diameter was bigger than Katrina and its total amount of rainfall was almost no differences. So, U.S’s countermeasure against hurricane has improved a lot compared with past examples. However, the other West Indians Countries are still developing countries regarding countermeasures. Bibliography http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/hurricane/resources/TropicalCyclones11.pdf http://www.ifrc.org/docs/Appeals/12/MDRJM003EA.pdf http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/04/hurricane-sandy-vs-katrina-infographic_n_2072432.html http://www.skepticalscience.com/hurricane-sandy-global-warming.htm http://phillyecocity.com/act-philly/climate-act-philly/how-hurricane-sandy-is-related-to-climate-change/

Teacher Education Students at the State University of New York Cortland :: Essays Papers

Teacher Education Students at the State University of New York Cortland A multicultural education incorporates not only culture, but race, social class, gender and disability. "Through guided classroom interaction students’ interracial attitudes may become more positive and accepting" (Chesler, 1971, p.613). Multicultural education has many goals (Kendall, 1996, p. 10). By providing this type of classroom experience children will learn to respect other cultures and to work with others of difference. By using resources that are in the community (parents, library, field trips..) teachers can incorporate this type of education into all subject areas. For example, a science teacher could combine multiculturalism by teaching about achievements made by people of different cultures and also of achievements by women. A multicultural education helps children develop a positive self-concept. By providing a multicultural curriculum students will learn to value other cultures as well as their own. A multicultural education means acceptance and the willingness to learn about others, which will help to make students’ successful members of society. Positive early experiences of multiculturalism in the classroom should be integrated in all aspects of a childs schooling, especially in science. Science is where hands on learning should occur. Teachers must take the time to understand that all children bring their prior experiences with them into the classroom. Children may have misconceptions about science based on their experiences or lack of experiences outside the class. For example, children who live in the city may have less knowledge about farm animals and their environment other than the concrete. Teachers must realize that children in different cultures may have different learning styles. "Culture and ethnicity have deep impact on our learning styles" (Kendall, 1996, p. 33). For example some Navajo children learn better through demonstration. A teacher must be careful not to stereotype children. Just because they are from a cer tain culture does not mean that they must be taught a certain way. Teachers must be aware that a child from a certain culture may learn in a certain way and it is up to the teacher to observe the child to find out what teaching approach is best. Exposing children at an early age to a learning environment with a rich variety of cultural and ethnic materials is essential for them to respect and appreciate others of a different race, gender, or cultural background. By incorporating multiculturalism into science, this gives children an opportunity to learn about people who may be unique from them.

The Subject of Affirmative Action

Considering the subject of affirmative action the following questions frequently are raised: Is there a clear understanding of affirmative action roles/goals? What are the pros/cons of these programs? What are the â€Å"loop holes† in the system? Does seniority play a role in affirmative action? Addressing these key questions may help us all in our daily routine, as administrators and/or potential administrator in the public/private sector. Affirmative action programs throughout the United States have long been a controversial issue particularly concerning employment practices (public/private) and university student and/or staff recruitment. Most public agencies have some type of instituted affirmative action program. According to Cheryl Perry-League, Director of Equal Opportunity of the Port of Oakland, every business operating on Port of Oakland owned land must have a standing affirmative action program on record and businesses bidding to do work for the Port of Oakl! and must have an acceptably diverse workforce. To understand the role and/or goals of affirmative actions programs we should define what the broad definition of what affirmative action is and what caused its development. The phase â€Å"affirmative action† was used in a racial discrimination context. Executive Order No. 10,925 issued by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. The order indicated that federal contractors should take affirmative action to ensure job applicants and employees are treated â€Å"without regard to their race, creed, or national origin. † A person could define this statement as an order to imply equal access and nothing else. Subsequently, Executive Order 11246 issued by President Johnson in September 1965, â€Å"mandated affirmative action goals for all federally funded programs and moved monitoring and enforcement of affirmative action programs out of the White House and into the Labor Department. Affirmative action â€Å"refers to various efforts to deliberately! take race, sex, and national origins into account to remedy past and current effects of discrimination. Its primary goal is to ensure that women and minorities are widely represented in all occupations and at all organizational levels† (Tompkins, 1995, p. 161). Another definition of affirmative action according to Barbara Bergmann is â€Å"planning and acting to end the absence of certain kinds of people-those who belong to groups that have been subordinated or left out-from certain jobs and schools† (1997 p. 7). Tracing the history of affirmative action, laws against racial discrimination have proved inadequate for workplace integration because they often provide remedies only after the fact. Affirmative action requires proactive steps to provide equal opportunities in employment as well as access to education. Many affirmative action programs were born from Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Title VII references to affirmative action programs were brought about â€Å"because of! the history of discrimination in the United States, certain groups are viewed as disadvantage in the current marketplace. Thus affirmative action laws impose temporary requirements to correct underutilization of these groups (e. g. , goals and timetables for increasing the number of minorities and women in a facility)† (Gutman, 1993, p. 9). Prior to these laws and the Title VII law, the U. S workforce was primarily dominated by white males. Although, still somewhat white male dominated, quotas that were designed through affirmative action programs have helped achieve some representation of women and minorities in the current work force. Some remedies brought about through affirmative action programs include goal setting, quotas, and timetables. The term goal â€Å"refers to specific outcomes which, when achieved, will result in equal employment opportunity and equitable representation† (Hall & Albrecht, 1979, p. 47-78). Goals and hiring quotas vary somewhat in their fu! nction. Goals generally are long range plans that organizations use and there are no expected minimum or maximum limitations. Quotas by comparison, â€Å"establishes a definite number of people who must be hired. A Company cannot by law, use quotas unless it has been ordered to do so by a court to remedy a past action† (Hall & Albrecht, 1979, p. 47-78). Deficiency correction is the primary target of goal setting through affirmative action. For an organization to be effective with goals, they must be realistic, attainable, and monitored by the human resource department. Affirmative action programs generally achieve their set goals through several common practices called outreach programs. First, there are special recruiting programs where women and minorities will most likely be found. These special outreach programs often target black universities and female dominated educational facilities. A second outreach program involves special advertising. Generally, this is also implemented ! in areas that are heavily populated by women and minorities similar to that of recruiting programs. Through outreach programs like the ones mentioned above, goals can be attained to achieve equity and representation without forgoing higher educated and skilled applicants. These programs can be justified because discrimination is still apparent in the United States today. A 1990 study by the University of Chicago†s National Opinion Research Center found that the majority of white Americans still believe blacks to be inferior. For example, 53% of non-black respondents said they thought blacks were less intelligent than whites, 62% said they thought blacks were less patriotic, 62% said they thought blacks were lazier, and 78% said they thought blacks â€Å"preferred to live off welfare. † The National Assessment of Educational Progress, a series of national standardize tests, evaluates students on their proficiency in reading, writing and science. They divide and co! mpare these results to better understand the effectiveness of public schools. Their results suggest a large imbalance in the educational quality received by whites and other races. The most noticeable imbalance in the three fundamentals of learning was the most important, reading. When students cannot read well, they usually cannot succeed in other subject areas. With the background of affirmative action and its programs established we should evaluate some of the problems with affirmative action and if affirmative action programs work. Opponents against affirmative action programs often believe that the system currently in place is a misuse of the original intent of affirmative action. The programs as they apply now are detrimental to the operation of the job market, to white males, and to the groups it is supposed to benefit. They further contend affirmative action causes reverse discrimination. It is not good practice for Opponents â€Å"pro† affirmative action to use it as a way! to make up for past discrimination. Another problem caused by affirmative action is that it often places a stigma on any groups, which receive preferential treatment, especially on individuals who earn positions because of their ability. Opponents of affirmative action programs believe that these programs when handled properly through the human resources department within an organization can minimize the negative references received regarding hiring practices. Nye states â€Å"that positive information regarding an employee†s job qualifications should minimize assumptions of incompetence associated with affirmative action hiring programs. In other words, when co-workers have information that clearly describes an individual†s job qualifications, they should be less likely to assume that he or she was hired solely on race or gender†(1998). By making this information available within the organization, it would help remove the pressures from the employee and co-worker regarding the hi! ring practices. This could further help the organization in the area of productivity, public relations within the community, and morale. By increasing morale, you maybe able to retain more employees, recruitment made easier, and motivate employees into a very competitive workforce. Opponents of affirmative action also do not believe that women and minorities will be treated fairly without affirmative action programs. Opportunities in today†s workplace are extremely competitive. Glazer states that â€Å"the battle over affirmative action today is a contest between a clear principle on the one hand and a clear reality on the other. The principle is that ability, qualifications, and merit, independent of race, national origin, or sex should prevail when one applies for a job or promotion, or for selective institutions for higher education, or when one bids for contracts. The reality is that strict adherence to this principle would result in few African Americans getting jobs, admissio! s, and contracts† (1998). With that being said, women and minorities cannot possibly have a fair chance in today†s society without positive affirmative action programs. However, with affirmative action, it has been noted that their incentives to achieve success may be decreased because â€Å"preferential treatment can lead to the patronization of minorities and women workers and students. By â€Å"patronization† I mean the setting of a lower standard of expected accomplishment because of the belief that these people are not as capable of meeting a higher standard† (Loury, 1997). With a white male dominated workforce, negative public perceptions, and low self-esteem of applicants, affirmative action offers a solution for race and gender equity. Further stated, everyone in America should be afforded equal opportunity. If this cannot be achieved voluntarily, then we must continue to take action to remedy these situations. Opponents of affirmative action won a landmark victory, in 1998, wi! th the passage of California†s Proposition 209. This proposition abolished all public-sector affirmative action programs in the state in employment, education and contracting. Clause(C) of Prop. 09 permits gender discrimination that is â€Å"reasonably necessary† to the â€Å"normal operation† of public education, employment and contracting. In 1998, The ban on use of affirmative action in admissions at the University of California went into effect. UC Berkeley had a 61% drop in admissions, and UCLA had a 36% decline. This decline strengthens the position of the Pro side of affirmative action. However, a contingency plan has been established. According to a source (who asked to remain nameless), UC Berkeley has a program to actively recruit more minority students that falls out of the guidelines established by prop. 09. These types of â€Å"loop holes† can ultimately hurt the various studies on the effectiveness of anti-affirmative action laws. â€Å"Loop holes† are exceptions to the ! rules or standards. It†s a way around the system. Opponents for affirmative action might feel that the Washington State government utilized such a â€Å"loop hole† in 1997. Under an affirmative action program criticized as the ultimate example of preferential treatment by supporters against affirmative action, the Washington State government hired more white men than African Americans did or any other minority group. In fact, white men fell second to white women being hired (Brune). The program in question is Washington State†s â€Å"plus three† program, according to Tom Brune of the Seattle Times, â€Å"allows the state to hire people who qualify for affirmative action over finalists with higher job-test scores. White men qualify because the state†s affirmative action policy cover not only people of color and women, but also Vietnam-era veterans, disabled veterans and people with disabilities. Majority of the veterans are white men and nearly half of them are disabled in the State of Washin! gton†. Another example of how affirmative action works for the disadvantaged can be found in Hayward, California. Bonnie Kellogg was admitted into the government†s Small Business Administration program that gives her company competitive advantages in its quest for government and large corporate contracts. Prior to 1995, Kellogg†s chances of getting into this program, officially known as the 8(a) Business Development program, would have been slim to none. However, in 1995 court ruling stemming from a law suit by a white business owner alleging â€Å"reverse discrimination† relaxed government standards. This ruling as allow for whites, Egyptians and Iranians, who fall outside the SBA†s minority designation easier access to the program. This relaxation of the rules as helped non-minorities business owners greatly. Report K. Oanh Ha of the Knight Rider Tribune finds a, a big statistical change. From 1968 until mid-1998, only 40 businesses owned by whites and non-minorities out of 13,40! 0 firms nationally were admitted, were admitted into the 8(a) program. So far this year, 74 non-minority companies have been admitted. 1999) Seniority must be examined because in my opinion it is the most widely used preferential treatment policy in the American workplace? With affirmative action being view as preference by many Americans and seniority being an unchallenged â€Å"rule-of-thumb. † In an article by Paul Rockwell he explains, â€Å"The seniority system may be legitimate, but it is no less preferential in its execution than affirmative action. When layoffs take place by seniority, many highly skilled women, many well-qualified people of color, among others, are bumped out of their jobs by less qualified older white males. In a seniority system, the last hired is the first fired, whether the employee is more skilled and competent than an employee protected by seniority. (1999). † Richard Lester, author of Manpower Planning, believes that seniority places less qualifi! ed employees ahead of employees who are often better educated, more skilled in computers. Arthur Whitehill & Shin Ichi Takezawa in Work Ways, concluded the same thoughts â€Å"Younger worker in some cases are more competent than older workers because of [them being} better education, greater adaptability and physical fitness. The public sector and much of the private sector have recognized seniority for quite sometime. We can find this system practiced by older teachers at various universities who are often protected by tenure. Professor Daniel Barber has even stated in candid conversion that when he was the department chair for the Master of Public Administration he took care of the tenured faculty first. Knowing this, why do Opponents of affirmative action, have appeared to be, judgmental of about so-called â€Å"merit† and â€Å"preference†, why isn†t there the same concern about the biggest workplace exception to strict meritocracy – Seniority? Seniority is yet another way to protect th! e â€Å"good ‘o boys networks†. Found in many of the historically white male dominated professions, for example, Firefighters, police, school superintendents, and college professors. Coming from a public sector background (Disabled Army War Veteran, Bureau of Prisons office administrator, Department of Veterans Affairs administrator, and to many federal internships to count) I support the seniority system in those places where affirmative action is still in place. Workplace should reflect the diversity of the community it serves, seniority is a fair system of labor management relations. Seniority gives employees for the personnel problems and private preferences of an employer. However, seniority is a widely used exception to strict merit system only if the workplace is democratic and applied with affirmative action the workplace can become more inclusive. Where affirmative action is repealed, seniority loses some of its legitimacy. I argue that only loses some of its legitimacy be! cause I personally was retained as an employee in a seniority situation. I was the last hired but I was not fired. In short, the scope of seniority and affirmative action are similar. The goal of seniority is job security and affirmative action is integration; both goals are good for America. The American labor movement has a major stake in seniority. The movement should embrace affirmative action because in good conscience it should not take advantage of one and not honor the other. Basically, benefiting for seniority practices but opposing affirmative action for others. If affirmative action is repealed, seniority should go as well. Labor unions and movements should concentrate on saving affirmative action. At a time when all progressive social policies are under attack, unity between women, labor, and people of color is imperative. Seniority and affirmative action should stand or fall together. CONCLUSION Ultimately, the controversy surrounding affirmative action programs t! oday will continue into the future. Society as a whole does not appear to be ready to relinquish its negative perception of the hiring practices brought about by Title VII. However, the benefits brought about this act has greatly increased the opportunity for women and minorities in employment that may not have otherwise been available. These programs have offered hope to some if not all-socioeconomic groups that they will be afforded the opportunity of equal employment and/or representation in our society. Furthermore, human resource departments in the public sector will have to become more skilled in implementing positive affirmative action programs if we are to reap the full benefits from them. Finally, Affirmative action is not a cure-all. It will not eliminate racial discrimination, nor will it eliminate competition for scare resources. Affirmative action programs can only ensure that everyone has a fair chance at what is available. They cannot direct us to the social pol! icies necessary so people do not have to compete for scarce resources in the first place. The larger question to ask is why are there not enough decent paying, challenging and safe jobs for everyone? Why are there not enough seats in the universities for everyone who wants an education? Expanding opportunity for people of color means expanding not only their access to existing jobs & education, but also removing the obstacles that cause these resources to be limited.

Our National Duties

Once Martin Luther King said, â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly†. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan says that, â€Å"In this new era, people’s actions constantly-if often unwittingly-affect the lives of others living far away. Globalization offers great opportunities, but at present its benefits are very unevenly distributed while its costs are born by all. He emphasizes six shared values, which are of particular relevance to the new century: freedom, equity and solidarity, tolerance, non-violence, respect for nature and shared responsibility. The modern world is becoming smaller, highly integrated and technologically more advanced. It is also becoming highly fragmented, less peaceful and unsafe for both present and future generations. Spectacular advances in science and technology over the last five decades have revolutionized the entire world. Investments in research and development have resulted in innovations and inventions in both product and factor markets. The benefits of these advancements however, have yet to reach the poor living in many countries across the world. Poverty is on the increase and we are sitting on millions of human landmines. The world today is passing through an environment full of tensions, violence, declining values, injustice, reduced tolerance and respect for human rights. The gun culture has already taken a dominant position in most of the developing countries, threatening the future of the youth who deserve a peaceful and better quality of life. There is a greater need to create a culture of Youth Leadership in society through an active participation of youth in civic activities. Adult leaders, parliamentarians and policymakers at community, municipality, state, national and international levels should agree that they are responsible for ensuring that the 21st century is characterized as a century of Youth Leadership. The world today is indeed in search of a new culture and a common system of values and new behavioral patterns for individuals, groups and nations, because, without them, the major problems of international and internal peace cannot be solved. The replacement of the existing culture of violence by a culture of peace can only be achieved in a longer perspective. In a period of transition and accelerated change marked by the expression of intolerance, manifestation of racial and ethnic hatred, violence towards those regarded as â€Å"others† and the growing disparities between the rich and the poor. Action strategies must aim at ensuring fundamental freedom, peace, human rights, and democracy and at promoting sustainable and equitable economic and social development all of which have an essential part to play in building a culture of peace. What do we expect from the youth with the creation of the culture of peace? The youth with their new ideas, new energy and neutral background, can contribute to peace development. They are ready to participate in community work. Youth should be treated as partners-partnership by youth in all social activities, of governance, community activities-should start in an active manner with the entry of the child into the golden age phase of 15 to 25 years. Youth should realize that they should not wait for the inheritance of the world; they must realize they have already inherited the world while entering into the golden age. Development of youth as productive citizens and peace workers could be a starting point for developing the peace culture. In the world today, one person in five is between the ages of 15 to 25, which is an accepted UN definition of the age that defines youth. There are altogether more than one billion youth, constituting a formidable force. About 85 percent live in developing countries with 60 percent in Asia, or about 800 million youth in the Asian region. Moreover, two thirds of these youth are growing in countries, which have extremely low per capita incomes (PCIs), below the PCI of $700 per annum. The needs and aspirations of young people are still mostly unmet. The youth employment and livelihood problem is particularly acute and growing in the developing countries while the bulk of corporate resources are controlled by developed countries. Moreover, action on youth employment and livelihood remain poorly defined. Poverty breeds an environment, which encourages social deviations like drug-addiction, excessive smoking, alcoholism, and tendencies towards suicide. Most problems among youth in developing countries are nurtured by their perception of an uncertain and unstable future. However, one thing is clear among all youth: that they want to make something of them, and to sustain the value of family solidarity. Today’s youth are often skeptical about adult leaders and they may express the desire to participate in society through volunteer work but not in politics. Alienated youth, particularly when they form a large proportion of the population, will turn their energy to drugs, crime, violence and even revolution. Unengaged youth represent a wasted economic resource. Youth of today is in search of its identity. They are less inclined towards conflicts and wars unless external forces compel them to do so. International studies clearly indicate that today’s youth are concerned about issues relating to family, education and employment. The youth express their need for a sense of independence, competence and participation in the mainstreams of society. They should be perceived as key agents for social change, including peace development, economic development and technological innovation. The paradox is that even as they represent societies’ greatest hope, they are a group who risk an uncertain and unstable future. How to involve these young men and women in building and designing their future, and the future of coming generations, is the key issue confronting the progress of our societies. The world today stands at a crossroad. However, the path of peace ahead remains clear for the world if we pursue three goals: firstly, a common vision of our future society anchored on peace; secondly, the core of shared values that animate our desires and preferences, grounds for peace which is acceptable to all religions, peoples, nations, families and communities, and hirdly, the power for united venture that brings people-empowered action for the attainment of a peace vision guided by the values we cherish. The peace factor must be used to resolve prime issues such as: (i) the persistent poverty of people, especially those in rural areas, (ii) the social injustice that continues to prevail in our societies and then often divisive and counter-productive ways of governance. The index to development, theref ore, must be human in dimension, content and lifestyle anchored on peace. In the case of the National Peace Development Policy for Youth, we must deviate from tradition and formulate policy with active participation of the youth. In this case, policy definition and strategy have to be applied flexibly by involving and energizing the youth right from the very start. It should not begin with elders and senior policy-makers and leaders, but take grassroots hold with the youth from day one. The youth must be empowered to find their own niche and roles in the totality of national development, and be the major force for peace development. All steps in the exercise should be taken in consultation with the different levels of participating youth from the national down to the state, district, municipal and village levels. Youth constitutes the richest wealth of a country. They develop quality of personal integrity, personal discipline and open mindedness. It is enriched further when they develop an open attitude and universal outlook. As youth is a period of passions, emotions, activity and vigor, they should be trained to combine enthusiasm with patience. Youth should develop an open attitude and universal outlook. This is the real empowerment of youth. Empowering or enabling is like a process similar to teaching and fishing. For preserving peace, youth must play a decisive role. Youth should be exposed to merit of tolerance and nonviolence. Youth should realize the importance of living together and should be responsible to defend the frontiers of peace and non-violence. This warrants the promotion of a new culture and thus a different mindset. Hence, a comprehensive rethinking is required in all walks of life with a total commitment to the issues of youth development. Educational experiences should be provided to youth with an objective to enhance their tolerance level and help them understand the merits of tolerance and respect for â€Å"otherness†. â€Å"Respecting the others† goes much farther than tolerance. Education must promote an aptitude of free inquiry, frank and vigorous discussion and willingness to work in teams. Education should teach the youth not only to tolerate differences but also to respect differences. In spiritual development, the youth can form a new phalanx of peace missionaries building up volunteers and NGO networks at the grassroots, concentrating on values education and spiritual renewal among children, women and the youth to reverse the process of family values in which traditionally, it is the elders who impose on the youth; this time it will be the young helping shape family values through dedicated youth peace missionaries. In the area of ethnic development, the youth of different ethnic groups can forge links between cultural minorities and popularize shared values, shared religious values, and shared cultures and traditions handed down from generation to generation. In political development, youth can be trained to form the cadre of youth animators to expose the rural poor to democratic processes and institutions, to consensus building and voting mechanics, to party and government platforms. In socio-economic development, the youth can join internship/training programs with agricultural, manufacturing, and service industries, sharpen their skills to become the forward-looking manpower needed by their countries to help their economies compete favorably against international competition. In political/government development, the youth can engage in internships in the parliamentary institutions, join in political awareness-building, reform political parties and remove the ugliness of partisan politics, and at the same time force reforms in the bureaucracy to ensure good governance, accountability, transparency, and citizenry participation. E-government strategy can effectively support such programs. In military affairs, the youth can become the country’s elite guards dedicated to patriotism, protection of children, women, oppressed and poor, and through collective vigilance and closeness with the people, provide the moral counterpart to the abuses of ambitious generals and military demagogues. Finally, in regional and international development, the youth can become peace ambassadors of their respective countries, promoting exchange programs in education, culture, science and echnology, sports and games, and in tourism promotions, to link all the youth of the region and the world in the pursuit and maintenance of peace and democracy. Youth Leadership activities cannot be confined to schools. They should be exposed to the real socio-political environment. That is missing today. In addition to peace development, these youth forums should, from time to time, include planning and implementation of environmental programs, family planning, information technology, health and sani tation, etc. Forum participants should focus on the benefits of peace, non-violence to strengthen tolerance through participation in community affairs, anniversaries in which all can participate thereby fostering a culture of peace and tolerance through a system of community education in order to promote respect and mutual understanding. The new millennium offers the world’s people a unique opportunity to reflect on their common destiny, at a moment when they find themselves interconnected as never before. In this New World, groups and individuals interact directly across frontiers more often, without involving the state. This also has its dangers in terms of crime, narcotics, terrorism, weapons, refugees and migrants; all move back and forth faster and in greater numbers than in the past. But new technologies also create opportunities for mutual understanding and common action. If we are to get the best out of globalization and modern technologies as well as avoid the worst, we must learn to govern better with emphasis on good governance and strengthening of civil society, and how to govern better together. People are looking to their leaders to identify and act on the challenges ahead. There is no denying the fact that youth are important asset of any nation, making up 800 million of Asia’s population. They should be the primary concern of political leaders, religious leaders, policy makers, planners, administrators and others interested in development including peace development. The youth are creative and innovative. They are in a better position to introduce new dimensions contributing to the current socio-political and economic dialogue, particularly in the area of peace development. Hence, the national governments should give priority to the UN declarations of National Peace Policies and Action Programs. Nations are underdeveloped for many reasons, but certainly the major reasons are inadequate leadership, and absence of youth participation. We must now look to the youth. The modern electronic media have an essential role to play in the preparation of youth in a spirit of peace, justice, freedom, mutual respect and understanding, in order to promote human rights, equality of rights between all human beings and all nations, and economic and social progress. Equally, they have an important role to play in making known the views and aspirations of the youth with special focus on good governance, transparency, tolerance and democracy. In the ultimate analysis, my dear fellow participants and youth leaders, I am sure that together we can lay the foundations of our shared future, together we can build bridges of love and tryst; and together we can help translate the dreams and visions espoused at hundreds of such conferences before this one. With hope, faith and courage, soon we shall be able to tell our elders that yes when given the chance to deliver, we have done and done it in style. At least, we would leave this world as a much better place to live than we had inherited. Times cry for action and action here and now. Mark Twain said this for you, me and all of us: â€Å"Twenty years from now, you will be more disappointed by the things you did not do than by the thing you did do. So, throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover†¦! †